In this paper, we study some class of cellular automata (CA) preserving modulo-recursive, stability by reflection and richness called stable cellular automata (SCA). After applying these automata on Sturmian words, we establish some combinatorial properties of these new words. Next, the classical and palindromic complexity functions of these words are also determined. Finally, we show that these words are 2-balanced and we establish their abelian complexity function.

Research on land use impacts on woody diversity and carbon stocks in West African savannas has primarily focused on the vegetation level. However, a combined analysis at both vegetation and species levels offers a more nuanced understanding of carbon loss patterns and provides stronger guidance for management and conservation of threatened species. This study evaluated the effect of climate and land use change on woody structure, diversity, and carbon stocks in two climate zones (Sudanian and Sudano-Sahelian) and four land use types reflecting a land use conversion gradient. Aboveground carbon stocks were calculated from dendrometric data using a generalized pantropical allometric equation. Carbon dynamics were analyzed along the conversion gradient (near natural vegetation → recent cropland → cropland remaining cropland → fallow), with near natural vegetation as the baseline. Analysis...

Genetic parameter estimation is used to develop selection strategies for sustainable and climate smart agriculture. The aim of the study is to determine the level of agromorphological diversity and show which hereditary traits would have good heritability to be taken into account in varietal improvement and genetic progress. Seven hundred and sixty-eight genotypes belonging to four okra varieties were studied during two rainy seasons (2021 and 2022) at the experimental site of the National Institute for Agricultural Research of Niger in Diffa, using a Fisher block experimental design with four replicates. Sixteen agro-morphological parameters were evaluated. The collected data were analyzed using R-v4.3.1, Minitab-18 and XLSTAT-Pro Version-7.5.2 software. Comparison of the average performances of the varieties showed significant differences between the variables studied. A principal co...

Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev. is a key agroforestry species that provides multiple ecosystem services, including soil fertilization, carbon sequestration, and forage production. Despite its ecological importance in climate change mitigation and its vital role for rural communities, natural populations of F. albida are declining due to poor regeneration, inadequate farming practices, and limited access to effective seed pretreatment techniques. This study aimed to assess the effect of seed size and sand scarification on the germination of Faidherbia albida. Seeds were classified into small, medium and large categories and subjected to sulfuric acid (98%), sand scarification and control pretreatment. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two factor (three pretreatments and three seed size categories), each replicated five times. A total of 1,125 seeds w...

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infection affecting the protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord, with rapidly worsening symptoms that can lead to life-threatening complications. This study presents an autonomous deterministic epidemic model, SIaIsMRS, to explore the dynamics of bacterial meningitis in a community implementing control strategies like media coverage, early diagnosis, isolation, and treatment. We adjust the transmission probability based on media coverage and calculate the effective reproduction number, Ref , which includes contributions from asymptomatic $R_ef^a$ and symptomatic individuals $R_ef^s$ . We derive the basic reproduction number, R0, to characterize initial infection spread and analyze the local stability of infection-free and endemic equilibria, using the Routh-Hurwitz criteria. For global stability, we apply Castillo-Chavez method for the infec...

This study aims to model the stochastic dependence between potassium (K+), iron (F e2+), and ammonium (N H+4 ) concentrations in groundwater from the Sissili province in Burkina Faso. To achieve this, we rely on the Student, Frank, and H ¨usler–Reiss copulas to capture the full range of hydro-geochemical dependence structures. This statistical approach provides a reliable, flexible, and robust tool for analyzing environmental characteristics while supporting the sustainable management of water resources

Dans le tissu urbain de Waogdgo (Ouagadougou), certains quartiers ne sont pas simplement des lieux d’habitation : ils sont des témoins vivants de l’histoire, des symboles de pouvoir et des foyers de mémoire collective. Le quartier Bilbaalgo ou Balõngẽ, situé au cœur de la capitale burkinabè, incarne cette richesse. À la fois espace coutumier, centre politique et quartier pionnier de l’urbanisme moderne, Bilbaalgo occupe une place singulière dans l’évolution de la ville. Son nom (Bilbaalgo ou Balõngẽ), son organisation (quartier des pages en service au palais du Moogo naaba) et ses figures emblématiques (Naaba Tanga, Abbé robert Ouédraogo, Colonel Michel Démé) racontent une histoire qui dépasse les limites géographiques. Bilbaalgo ou Balõngẽ est le quartier du Balɛm naaba (et non Baloum naaba), chef coutumier chargé des pages, chef du protocole du Moogo naaba, chargé de sacrifices spé...

L’exploration du passé par les fouilles n’est plus le seul objectif de l’archéologie contemporaine. Cette dernière s’inscrit de plus en plus dans un cadre élargi, où se croisent exigences scientifiques, contraintes administratives, enjeux patrimoniaux et responsabilités éthiques. Cet article propose une réflexion théorique sur la figure de l’archéologue aujourd’hui, à travers quatre axes complémentaires. Le travail de terrain constitue toujours le cœur de la discipline, avec plus de rigueur et de possibilités d’avoir des informations essentielles. L’archéologue doit gérer des équipes, planifier les interventions et respecter plusieurs normes. Les fouilles sont devenues un véritable exercice de coordination autant que de recherche. Par ailleurs, l’archéologue est devenu un acteur administratif. Il évolue dans un environnement institutionnel où la production de rapports, l’obtention d’auto...

In this paper, we focus on a new type of complexity of infinite words called privileged complexity. We apply this concept to the ternary Thue-Morse word. First, we present properties of the return words in the ternary Thue-Morse word. Then, we study the privileged words of this infinite word. Finally, we derive a recursive formula that allows us to determine the privileged complexity function of this ternary word.

Background Prosopis africana is traditionally used in folk medicine in Burkina Faso for oral diseases. Leaves and stems are used in rural areas to treat dental caries, and the bark is used to treat green diarrhea in infants. In the context of a better understanding of Prosopis africana’s bioactivity and toxicity, the present study deals with the chemical profiling of the different botanical parts of P. Africana used in phytomedicine. The impact of herbal medicine on various factors contributing to oral infections and caries, specifically with its anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties have been little investigated. Methods The anti-biofilm effect of methanolic extracts of leaves and stems of P. africana was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the crystal violet assay. The anti-quorum sensing effect on Chromobacterium C...